论文代写：中国国有企业
经合组织2005年公布的“国有企业治理准则”（“经合组织准则”）明确规定了善治的关键原则，并规定了国家作为所有者在商业领域的作用（Wang et al 2005）。虽然注意到国有企业的目标可能会有所不同，或者有不同的社会，经济和战略利益，但国家作为股东和管理者应该考虑国际的善治原则（Leng 2009）。尽管经合组织的这份文件是针对发达经济体的，但其内容和建议可以作为发展中国家或新兴经济体国有企业良好治理的基础，因为它已被广泛认为是国有企业改革的国际基准。
改革进程，渐进主义的方式和理由
直到现在，中国国有企业的现代化和转型还有四个阶段。国有企业改革的第一阶段（1978-1992）主要集中在增加管理者的经营自主权和为国有企业引入商业导向。这是为了鼓励国有企业从一个中央计划经济中的福利型实体转向一个“为了利润”的思维定势，并在非国有部门建立竞争前景（Hastings，2009）。这种“现代企业制度”的概念包含了西方式的公司治理机制，如设立董事会，监事会和股东大会（McMillan et al 2001）。
本文的进一步内容在于讨论国有企业改革的普通法。
论文代写：中国国有企业
An international benchmark for SOEs
The OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of SOEs (the OECD Guidelines), published in 2005, explicitly maps out the key principles of good governance and stipulates the role of the state as owner in a commercial context (Wang et al 2005). Whilst noting the fact that the objectives of SOEs may vary or have a mix of social, economic and strategic interests, there are international principles of good governance which the state as shareholder and controller should consider (Leng 2009). Even though this OECD document was intended for developed economies, the contents and recommendations could form the basis for good governance of SOEs in developing or emerging economies as it has been widely recognized as the international benchmark for SOE reforms.
The reform process, gradualist approach and its rationale
Up until the present, there were four stages in the modernization and transformation of China’s SOEs. The first stage of the SOE reforms (1978–1992) primarily focused on increasing operational autonomy of managers and the introduction of a commercial orientation for SOEs. This was intended to create incentives for SOEs to shift from a welfare orientated entity in a centrally planned economy to a ‘for profits’ mind set and to establish a competitive outlook in the non-state sector (Hastings 2009). This concept of ‘modern enterprise system’ incorporated Western styled corporate governance mechanisms such as the establishment of a board of directors, supervisory boards, and general shareholder meetings (McMillan et al 2001).
Further content of the essay lies in discussing the common law in relation to SOE reform.
