论文代写:成本收益
在分析参与的成本和收益时,重要的是看看经济一体化安排的形式,因为这突出了具体的好处。首先是所谓的经济一体化的自由贸易协定形式。在自由贸易协定中,大多数成员国试图通过消除彼此之间的贸易壁垒来提高贸易利益(Carpenter&Dunung,2011)。例如,如果A国与B国签订经济协议,以成本的形式消除贸易壁垒,那么这些国家的企业将能够减少他们必须面对的大部分损失,关税。关税是各国为了使国内商品与进口商品相比具有更好的竞争优势而施加的经济壁垒。这些关税形式是削减全球贸易的必要条件。但是,如果各国为经济一体化等共同利益而聚集在一起,那么这些关税形式就可以消除。所有相关国家都将在立场上达成共识,以确保每个人的利益。
论文代写:成本收益
这里取消贸易壁垒意味着各国之间相互理解并寻求共同的成本收益。这种经济区域一体化形式的一个例子是北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)(Rose&Van Wincoop,2001; Rose,2005)。这里的成本和收益只针对会员,而不是关税同盟和共同的市场风格。正如Kenneth(1963)所述,在建立自由贸易区之前,关税大概同样适用于所有国家,因此虽然消费者支付的价格包括关税,但消费者支付的价格的相对水平反映了相对对所有国外供应来源的生产者的价格。在取消区域间关税后,可能是即使生产者的价格相同,购买非会员产品(必须支付关税),购买成员商品的价格也会高于不需要支付任何义务(肯尼思,1963年,第626页)。
论文代写:成本收益
In analysing for the costs and benefits of participation, it would be essential to look at the forms of economic integration arrangements, as this highlights the specific benefits. Firstly, there is what is called the free trade agreement form of the economic integration. In the free trade agreement, most of the member countries seek to improve trade benefits to one another by removing the barriers to trade between themselves (Carpenter & Dunung, 2011). For instance, if country A was in an economic agreement with country B where they have removed the trade barriers in the form of costs, then the industries in the countries would be able to reduce most of the losses they have to face in the form of tariffs. The tariffs are economic barriers that countries usually impose in order to make the domestic goods have a better competitive advantage compared to the imported goods. These forms of tariffs were necessary in cut throat global trade. However, when countries come together for mutual benefits such as in the case of the economic integration, then these forms of tariffs can be removed. All states involved will mutually agree upon standpoint in order to ensure everybody benefits.
论文代写:成本收益
The removal of trade barriers here means the countries understand each other well and seek to work with shared benefits in costs among others. An example of this form of economic regional integration is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (Rose & Van Wincoop, 2001; Rose, 2005). Here the costs and benefits are only for the members, as opposed to the Customs Union and the common market style. As Kenneth (1963) states,Before creation of the free-trade area, tariffs were presumably applied equally against all countries and, therefore, while the prices paid by consumers included the duty, nevertheless the relative levels of the prices paid by consumers reflected relative prices to producers for all foreign sources of supply. After elimination of inter-area tariffs, it may be that even though prices to producers are identical, prices to consumers will be higher for purchases of non-member goods, on which a duty must be paid, than for purchases of member goods, on which no duty need be paid (Kenneth, 1963, p. 626).